我国物种保护拯救与自然保护区建设回顾与展望

总结了我国林业物种保护拯救与自然保护区建设成就。全国野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程实施8年来,初步形成了国家、省、市三位一体的野生动植物保护体系,有效保护着我国90%的陆地生态系统类型、85%的野生动物种群和65%的高等植物群。提出今后工程建设的重点是认真编制好规划,积极研究保护立法,完善保护区布局,加强珍稀濒危野生动植物拯救力度,扩大拯救范围,强化野生动植物繁育利用的市场监管和执法监督。     

节约能源改造及改进计划措施

焦化厂热扎中心泵站,使用节能设备,装设变频器,进行调控。当供电系统发生故障,系统电压过低或瞬间停电,变频器停止工作;在另一受电加装直流电源供给变频器电源,使其不受电压影响而继续工作。     

浅析太阳能在建筑节能领域中的应用

本文结合目前建筑设计的节能要求,对目前太阳能在建筑节能领域中的应用及发展前景作了比较与分析,谨供大家作参考之用。     

四川地区村镇住宅的节能经济性思考

针对四川地区灾后重建的契机,以及四川省节能住宅建设的相关政策规定,探讨在生态节能住宅修建前期,要注重节能住宅成本效益分析,保证节能住宅价值实现途径中的价值链条通畅,以及从传统民居中吸取节能住宅规划、构造、材料等方面的宝贵经验,因地制宜,防止伪生态住宅的产生,保证四川地区村镇住宅的节能经济性。     

厚朴林和杜仲林间作玉米与大豆系统的土地利用率研究

研究土地利用率的核心意义,原于其能够缓解土地资源禀赋稀缺的现状;发展厚朴林和杜仲林间作玉米与大豆系统可以提高土地利用率,促进林农集约经营,有效保护生物多样性,促进中药材产业发展,增加农民的经济收益,推动社会主义新农村建设。     

Estimating the costs and benefits of soil conservation in Europe

Economics is about problems of choice. In erosion control, both public authorities and private land users are faced with such problems. What is the impact of erosion, both on-site and off-site, and to what extent can this impact be quantified? If we conceptualize this impact in terms of sustainability, how can we compare one type of effect against another? The former question can be answered only by natural scientists, the latter by economists and other social scientists. Weighing different aspects of sustainability requires value judgments, and economists are sometimes accused of having a jaundiced view of reality, wrongly supposing that decisions are based on rationality and denying the importance of emotion.However, let us assume that there is some mileage to be gained out of attempting to estimate the cost of erosion in an economic sense—which consists of converting the various effects into a common denominator: euros. If we can predict the impact of erosion control measures on erosion rates, we can know the benefit of these measures. The cost also needs to be calculated, not in terms of money but in terms of resources expended (which could have been used for other purposes) and in terms of possible negative impacts of erosion control (for instance, increased use of herbicides in reduced-tillage systems).There are important other considerations which economists may study. Firstly, there is the comparison of present versus future costs and benefits: how much can we sacrifice today for higher sustainability tomorrow?Secondly, there is the issue of private versus public costs and benefits: how do the goals of private land users differ from (those of?) the public good, how can this help us to predict land users’ behaviour, and what incentives would be appropriate to make them behave in such a way as to maximize the public good? Thirdly, how do we deal with uncertainty and risk?These problems loomed large in a study to support an extended impact assessment for the EU Soil Thematic Strategy, in 2005. Whereas much research has been done on erosion and its impact, much of this is on a small scale. The extent of the problem on a national, let alone a continental or a global scale, is still poorly known. The paper discusses how these problems were faced, which is not the same as saying they were resolved.     

城镇建设用地节约集约利用路径选择——以泰安市为例

节约集约用地是严格土地管理的重要环节。为了既满足经济不断发展对土地的需求,又保障粮食安全对一定数量耕地的需求,同时保护生态环境,实现土地资源的可持续利用,我们必须转变土地粗放、低效利用的模式,逐步向节约集约利用的方向转化,充分挖掘现有建设用地的潜力,盘活存量建设用地,走节约集约用地的道路。推进节约集约用地,是中国国情的必然选择,是我国推进工业化、城镇化、现代化的必由之路。文章以山东省泰安市为例,分析了城镇建设用地节约集约用地的路径选择问题。     

Book Review

Tourism and Postcolonialism: Contested Discourses, Identities and Representations. C. Michael Hall and Hazel Tucker (eds). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2004. 0-415-33102-1     

解说:一种重要的遗产保护策略

遗产保护是一项复杂而系统的工程,不同历史时期面临的主要任务不同。20世纪90年代以来,中国旅游业的高速发展引发了众多问题,如何降低和消除旅游业对遗产资源的负面影响成为当今遗产保护的一项重要工作。解说,作为一种重要的遗产保护策略,有着非常重要的作用。解说能够通过影响游客的知识重组和行为意图,帮助达到旅游可持续发展和遗产资源有效保护的双赢目标。     

浅析生态公益林与高保护价值森林的区别

从判定标准的尺度、范畴两方面对生态公益林与高保护价值森林进行比较,分析得出:两者都服务于森林可持续发展,但前者的判定标准从国家层面上制定,属于宏观尺度,后者的判定标准从森林经营单位层面上制定,属于微观尺度;范畴上,两者具有交叉性,两者都涵盖对方的部分森林类型,但不是全部森林类型。将生态公益林与高保护价值森林加以区别,将有利于社会公众及林业工作者更好地认识高保护价值森林,为高保护价值森林类型的判定提供借鉴。